ArchiSmartCity: Modelling the Alignment of Services and Information in Smart City Architectures

Digital transformation in the public sector describes the shift from traditional creation and delivery of services, into the massive use of digital technologies to enhance public services. The digitalisation of public administration presents significant challenges for many municipalities in the social, economic, environmental, and sustainable dimensions. Cities take advantage of the rapid advances in information and communication technologies capabilities to make the provision of city services (e.g., health service, transport service, air-quality service, education service) more efficient. These modern urban environments are commonly referred to as Smart Cities, where advanced and innovative services are offered to improve the overall quality of life for the citizens. Smart Cities are complex systems that involve diverse stakeholders and concerns, use heterogeneous information systems and technologies, and aim to fulfill multiple and conflicting goals. Such complexity challenges the provision of services that may fail to achieve city goals and meet the needs of citizens due to the lack of alignment between city services and the information systems that support them. Evidence of this is the existence of city services and systems that fail to address the real needs of stakeholders, and are not perceived as valuable by them because they do not interoperate, leading to duplication of work and incompatible solutions. Enterprise Architecture (EA) is an established planning and governance approach to manage the complexity of corporate systems. EA presents a holistic view of organisational business strategies and IT initiatives to achieve organisational goals by adopting a comprehensive perspective on the overall architecture. Smart Cities can be seen as urban enterprises with more complex and multi-dimensional systems that require integration among smarter services from different domains (e.g., mobility, energy, public safety, emergency, education, culture, etc.) to respond to diverse interests and objectives from a range of stakeholders. Existing research on EAs for Smart Cities uses the concept of layers and views to describe architecture content and guide its implementation. However, these approaches do not identify the concepts to describe and model the relationships between the service and information layers which are essential to address the strategic alignment. Furthermore, there is an absence of such concepts in languages and metamodels for Enterprise Modelling. These architectures and metamodels mostly emphasize technical aspects that constitute Smart Cities and they rarely focus on city services and their strategic aspects towards delivering the cities vision and objectives. This research introduces ArchiSmartCity, a metamodel that addresses the alignment between city services and information systems according to Smart City strategies to assist in the digitalisation of public city services. In this thesis, design principles and design requirements are defined and instantiated by designing the ArchiSmartCity metamodel that explicitly expresses this alignment, following a design science research approach. Further, ArchiSmartCity is developed and implemented as a coherent extension of an EA metamodel to describe an expository instantiation and its application. ArchiSmartCity is evaluated in an iterative manner within multiple-case studies, by creating real-world services models that are validated by Smart City domain experts. Moreover, this thesis demonstrates and evaluates ArchiSmartCity by developing a computer-based solution for semantic alignment analysis. Ex-post evaluation results demonstrate the quality and practical relevance of the developed metamodel extension for cities and municipalities. This study contributes to the current understanding of how city strategies should be aligned with Smart City implementations by providing a prescriptive view and metamodel to guide coherent and unambiguous architecture design in the Smart Cities field

A Requirements Framework for the Design of Smart City Reference Architectures

Reference architectures are generalized models of several end systems that share one or more common domains. They facilitate the design of high-quality concrete architectures and the communication between domain professionals. The reference architecture approach should be applied in the smart city domain because of its complexity where different stakeholders and heterogeneous systems and technologies must coexist and interact. Smart cities reference architectures should offer a cooperative framework for stakeholders and a guide to design concrete architectures. Industry and academia have proposed different requirements for concrete architectures. However, there is a lack of standardization in the requirements for the design of smart city reference architectures. This can produce that concrete architectures do not meet citizens’ requirements. The goal of this paper is to define a set of requirements for the design of smart city reference architectures. We conduct a literature review to find the requirements which should fulfil these reference architectures

“Construcción de la subjetividad del paciente psiquiátrico a través del cuerpo y la emoción en el Hospital Psiquiátrico Sagrado Corazón-Parcayacu”

El presente trabajo pretende dar una explicación sobre la importancia que tiene la subjetividad en la vida de los individuos, sobre todo al momento en que estos crean identificación, adherencia a ciertas dinámicas, e interiorizan lógicas y patrones que permiten la existencia de una institución como el hospital psiquiátrico, legitimando y reproduciendo el poder. Por otro lado, se intenta dar un papel protagónico a los conceptos de cuerpo y emoción en Antropología, como medio para la producción de subjetividad del paciente dentro de la institución psiquiátrica. Ambos conceptos serán abordados desde la ritualidad, la antropología del performance, el interaccionismo simbólico y la fenomenología; abordajes que permitieron el análisis de datos cualitativos obtenidos a través de un trabajo de campo etnográfico. Es así que a lo largo del trabajo se verá que el uso y manejo del cuerpo y las emociones por parte del paciente en un sentido teatral y performático, da paso a un tipo de relaciones entre pacientes enfermeras y terapistas; y desencadena el proceso de subjetivación el mismo que permitirá que los pacientes organicen su mundo y su vida a partir de las lógicas institucionales que las han interiorizado

Concepts for Modeling Smart Cities

The rapid increase and adoption of new Information Technologies (IT) in Smart Cities make the provision of public services more efficient. However, various municipalities and cities deal with challenges to transform and digitize city services. Smart Cities have a high degree of complexity where offered city services must respond to the concerns and goals of multiple stakeholders. These city services must also involve diverse data sources, multi-domain applications, and heterogeneous systems and technologies. Enterprise Architecture (EA) is an instrument to deal with complexity in both private and public organizations. The paper defines the concepts for modeling Smart Cities in ArchiMate, guided by a design-oriented research approach. Particularly, the focus of this paper is on the concepts for modeling city services and underlying information systems which are added to the EA metamodel. The metamodel is demonstrated in a real-world case and validated by Smart City domain experts. The findings suggest that these concepts are essential to achieve the Smart City strategy (e.g., city goals and objectives), as well as to meet the needs of different city stakeholders. Furthermore, an extension mechanism allows addressing the alignment of business and IT in complex environments such as Smart Cities, by adjusting EA metamodels and notations. This can help cities to design, visualize, and communicate architecture decisions when managing the transformation and digitalization of public services

Efeito de extratos vegetais na incidência de fungos e germinação de soja (Glycine max)

The treatment of soybean seeds (Glycine max) is aimed at controlling the agents that cause diseases that interfere in the productivity of the cultivated plants, since the percentage of damage caused by pests that can impede the initial good development of plants is significantly reduced, currently the control is carried out with chemical products, but these components affect the health, therefore less harmful alternatives for the effect are being considered. Therefore, the main objective was to determine whether plant extracts (PE) that contain secondary metabolites, could be converted into substances for the control of the fungi of the soybeans in storage, for which microorganisms were identified during the application of the treatments. The evaluated plant extracts were: T1: verbena (Verbena officinalis), T2: yopo (Anadenanthera peregrina), T3: chamber (Lantana camara) and T4: calendula (Calendula officinalis), compared with a control without treatment T5. The extracts were obtained in the laboratory, the fresh solid material of the plant was liquefied and 30% of its weight was added to water, making a 100% adjustment, the extracts were filtered and stored in a dark bottle stored in a conventional refrigerator. From previous observations, it was determined that the dilution to be used for this type of tests was 4 ml of plant extract with 10 ml of water per kilo of seed. For the diagnosis of pathogens, at eight days post-application, observations were made in triplicate on the treated seed; for germination tests napkins with five repetitions were used, the observations of the behavior of the seeds were made five and eight days after being sown. A completely randomized block design was used: five treatments, two blocks: seeds treated only with plant extract (PE) and seeds treated with chemical fungicides (CF) more PE, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple comparison tests were applied. The diagnosis that was made determining the storage fungi present during germination were: Aspergillus spp., Geotrichum spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp., and Rizophus spp. The extract of Verbena officinalis presented 94.33% of control over the fungi and the treatment with Anadenanthera peregrina presented 91%, with these two extracts the highest germination percentage was also observed at five and eight days.El tratamiento de semillas de soya (Glycine max) está orientado a controlar los agentes que ocasionan las enfermedades que interfieren en la productividad de las plantas cultivadas, puesto que se disminuye notablemente el porcentaje de daños causados por plagas que pueden impedir el buen desarrollo inicial de las plantas, actualmente el control se realiza con productos químicos, pero estos componentes afectan la salud, por lo tanto se están planteando alternativas menos nocivas para el efecto. Por lo anterior, el objetivo principal fue determinar si los extractos vegetales (EV) que contienen metabolitos secundarios, se podrían convertir en sustancias para el control de los hongos de las semillas de soya en almacenamiento, para lo cual se identificaron microorganismos presentes durante la aplicación de los tratamientos. Los extractos de plantas evaluados fueron: T1: verbena (Verbena officinalis), T2: yopo (Anadenanthera peregrina), T3: cámara (Lantana camara) y T4: caléndula (Calendula officinalis), comparadas con un testigo sin tratamiento T5. En el laboratorio se realizó la obtención de los extractos, se licuó el material solido fresco de la planta y al 30% de su peso se le adiciono agua, haciendo un ajuste al 100%, los extractos se filtraron y se conservaron en un frasco oscuro almacenados en una nevera convencional. Por observaciones anteriores, se determinó que la dilución a usar para este tipo de ensayos fue 4 ml de extracto vegetal con 10 ml de agua por cada kilo de semilla. Para el diagnóstico de patógenos, a los ocho días post-aplicación, se realizaron observaciones por triplicado sobre la semilla tratada; para las pruebas de germinación se utilizaron servilletas con cinco repeticiones, las observaciones del comportamiento de las semillas se realizaron a los cinco y ocho días después de ser sembradas. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar: cinco tratamientos, dos bloques: semillas tratadas únicamente con extracto vegetal (EV) y semillas tratadas con fungicidas químicos (FQ) más EV, se aplicó ANOVA y pruebas de comparación múltiple de Duncan. El diagnóstico que se realizó determinando los hongos de almacenamiento presentes durante la germinación fueron: Aspergillus spp., Geotrichum spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp., y Rizophus spp. El extracto de Verbena officinalis presentó 94.33% de control sobre los hongos y el tratamiento con Anadenanthera peregrina presento un 91%, con estos dos extractos también se observó el mayor porcentaje de germinación a los cinco y ocho días.O tratamento das sementes de soja (Glycine max) visa controlar os agentes causadores de doenças que interferem na produtividade das plantas cultivadas, sendo que a porcentagem de danos causados por pragas que podem impedir o bom desenvolvimento inicial das plantas é significativamente reduzida, atualmente o controle é realizado com produtos químicos, mas esses componentes afetam a saúde, portanto alternativas menos nocivas para o efeito estão sendo consideradas. Portanto, o principal objetivo foi determinar se os extratos vegetais (EV) que contêm metabólitos secundários, poderiam ser convertidos em substâncias para o controle dos fungos da soja em armazenamento, para isso, foram identificados microrganismos presentes durante a aplicação dos tratamentos. Os extratos vegetais avaliados foram: T1: verbena (Verbena officinalis), T2: yopo (Anadenanthera peregrina), T3: câmara (Lantana camara) e T4: calêndula (Calendula officinalis), comparados com um controle sem tratamento T5. Os extratos foram obtidos em laboratório, o material sólido fresco da planta foi liquefeito e 30% de seu peso foi adicionado à água, fazendo um ajuste de 100%, os extratos foram filtrados e armazenados em um frasco escuro preservados em um refrigerador convencional. A partir de observações anteriores, determinou-se que a diluição a ser utilizada para este tipo de testes foi de 4 ml de extrato vegetal com 10 ml de água por quilo de semente. Para o diagnóstico de patógenos, aos oito dias pós-aplicação, foram realizadas observações em triplicado sobre a semente tratada; para testes de germinação utilizaram-se guardanapos com cinco repetições, as observações do comportamento das sementes foram feitas cinco e oito dias após serem semeadas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, dois blocos: sementes tratadas somente com extrato vegetal (EV) e sementes tratadas com fungicidas químicos (FQ) mais EV, ANOVA e testes de comparação múltipla de Duncan foram aplicados. O diagnóstico que foi feito determinando os fungos de armazenamento presentes durante a germinação foram: Aspergillus spp., Geotrichum spp., Mucor spp., Penicillium spp. e Rizophus spp. O extrato de Verbena officinalis apresentou 94.33% de controle sobre os fungos e o tratamento com Anadenanthera peregrina apresentou 91%, com esses dois extratos, a maior porcentagem de germinação também foi observada em cinco e oito dias

Nuestras pioneras : historia del trabajo social desde la perspectiva de género

Cuando hablamos de las mujeres en la historia y en la ciencia, la incertidumbre es un hecho; la omisión que por siglos ha existido sobre sus saberes y sus formas de construir conocimiento es común en la historia global, cabe preguntarse ¿cuántos aportes importantes en el desarrollo mundial realizados por mujeres deben existir? y ¿cuántos de éstos habrán sido desaparecidos, hurtados o invisibilizados por el patriarcado? La disciplina o profesión de Trabajo Social no es ajena a esta histórica realidad, las mujeres pioneras en esta profesión durante décadas fueron contra la corriente, contra la norma, lucharon por conseguir un reconocimiento en el ámbito científico, no obstante aún su visibilidad es opacada. Lo anterior se recoge en los preceptos de la perspectiva de género, categoría de análisis propuesta para llevar a cabo el presente estudio, los cuales teniendo en cuenta la histórica deuda con la mitad de la población, proponen por un lado, “visibilizar a las mujeres, sus actividades, sus vidas, sus espacios, y sus contribuciones en la construcción de la realidad social; y por otro, mostrar cómo y por qué cada fenómeno específico está atravesado por las relaciones de poder y desigualdad entre los géneros, lo que caracteriza a los sistemas patriarcales” (Serret, 2008: 65).PregradoTRABAJADOR(A) SOCIA

Standardisation of enterprise architecture development for smart cities

Managing the complexity of the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) services in smart cities raises a need to use enterprise architecture frameworks to solve the complexity issues. However, the majority of the existing enterprise architecture frameworks have been developed to address the concerns and issues of the stakeholders in their associated world. To address challenges including complexity, multi-stakeholders and the service oriented nature of smart cities, this paper presents an enterprise architecture framework that can be used as a way to manage enterprise architectures in smart cities. This framework focuses on establishing contextual requirements and definitions for smart city systems and services. In contrast to other approaches, in this paper we focus on two important layers, i.e., context layer and service layer, as well as their relationships. The framework is valuable in developing smart services. It also contributes to the understanding of smart city enterprise architectures

Fortalecimiento de las habilidades de autorregulación emocional a través de la técnica de meditación Mindfulness en un grupo de niños de edades entre los 5 a 13 años, del conjunto residencial María Fernanda en la ciudad de Tunja

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo fortalecer las habilidades de autorregulación emocional a través de la técnica de meditación Mindfulness en un grupo de 3 de niños de edades entre los 5 a 13 años, del conjunto residencial María Fernanda en la ciudad de Tunja. En el cual se muestra la importancia de la autorregulación emocional como herramienta útil que proporciona elementos para promover un mejor aprendizaje en los estudiantes, a la vez que optimiza aspectos de la vida emocional; dichas herramientas están enfocadas en una serie de ejercicios mindfulness, dentro de los cuales se prioriza la meditación como medio de conocimiento y regulación emocional en los participantes, con el uso de la metodología investigación acción participativa, con enfoque cualitativo, donde se adecuan los ejercicios Mindfulness. Para lograr este objetivo se han trazado tres momentos adaptados a la edad de los participantes, orientados hacia procesos de mindfulness, donde se busca incrementar el conocimiento de sí mismos, en lo que refiere al campo emocional y mejorar procesos de aprendizaje como la atención y motivación. Los principales resultados muestran la importancia que tiene el fortalecimiento de las habilidades de autorregulación emocional a través de la técnica de meditación Mindfulness influye en el control emocional del individuo, debido a que se fortalecen habilidades de reconocimiento emocional y posteriormente de autocontrol, permitiendo obtener herramientas que tienen como finalidad mejorar procesos académicos, Se concluye también tienen como objetivo proporcionar a los participantes, medios para tener un mejor control emocional en diferentes aspectos de la vida cotidiana.The objective of this work is to strengthen emotional self-regulation skills through the Mindfulness meditation technique in a group of 3 children between the ages of 5 and 13, from the María Fernanda residential complex in the city of Tunja. In which the importance of emotional self-regulation is shown as a useful tool that provides elements to promote better learning in students, while optimizing aspects of emotional life; These tools are focused on a series of mindfulness exercises, within which meditation is prioritized as a means of knowledge and emotional regulation in the participants, with the use of participatory action research methodology, with a qualitative approach, where Mindfulness exercises are adapted. . To achieve this objective, three moments adapted to the age of the participants have been drawn up, oriented towards mindfulness processes, where the aim is to increase self-knowledge, in what refers to the emotional field and improve learning processes such as attention and motivation. The main results show the importance of strengthening emotional self-regulation skills through the Mindfulness meditation technique, which influences the emotional control of the individual, due to the fact that emotional recognition skills and later self-control skills are strengthened, allowing us to obtain tools that They are intended to improve academic processes. It is concluded that they also aim to provide participants with means to have better emotional control in different aspects of daily life